Follow one invoice through a manual AP process and count the touches. Someone opens the email and downloads the PDF. Keys the vendor, invoice number, date, and amount into the accounting system. Looks up the PO, if there is one. Decides which GL account each line belongs to, or guesses, or asks. Forwards it to an approver and waits. Follows up. Waits again.
The per-invoice math looks harmless until you multiply it. If a touch-heavy invoice takes your bookkeeper ten minutes and you process a few hundred a month, run that against their loaded hourly cost. Then add the expensive part: the duplicate that got paid because two people keyed the same PDF a week apart, the early-payment discount that expired in an approval inbox, the close that slipped because the pile wasn't cleared.
None of this is accounting. It's transcription, lookup, and reminder-sending, and every piece of it can be read, decided, or escalated by software.